Nws tau ntau tshaj 130 xyoo txij li thawj phau ntawv excavator tuaj tawm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob semi-rotary excavators mus rau hluav taws xob thiab sab hauv-combustion-engine-driven full-rotation excavators, thiab tag nrho tsis siv neeg hydraulic excavators siv electro-mechanical-hydraulic integration technology. txheej txheem kev loj hlob.
Kev tsim cov excavators nyob rau hauv industrially tsim lub teb chaws yog ua ntej. Fabkis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Meskas, Russia, thiab Nyij Pooj yog cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub thoob hydraulic excavators nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 3.5-40m³. Lawv tau tsim cov excavators loj ntxiv txij li xyoo 1980s. Piv txwv li, lub stripping excavator nrog lub thoob muaj peev xwm ntawm 50-150m³ ua los ntawm American Marion Company, ib tug taug kev dragline excavator nrog ib tug thoob peev xwm ntawm 132m³; Dragline excavators thiab excavators nrog lub thoob muaj peev xwm ntawm 107m³ yog tam sim no qhov loj tshaj plaws excavators nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 20th, lub thoob ntiaj teb zus tau tej cov excavators tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm loj-scale, miniaturized, multi-functional, tshwj xeeb thiab automation.
1. Tsim cov khoom siv ntau yam, ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho hauv nroog thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, micro excavators nrog lub peev xwm hauv qab no 0.25m³ tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws, thiab lub thoob ntim tsawg tshaj plaws tsuas yog 0.01m³. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nruab nrab thiab me excavators feem ntau ua haujlwm ntau hauv ib lub tshuab, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom siv ua haujlwm - ntxiv rau pem hauv ntej duav thiab backhoe, lawv kuj tau nruab nrog hoisting, tuav thoob, qib. thoob, loading thoob, rake Hniav, crushing cone, twist xyaum, electromagnetic suction khob, vibrator, bulldozer, cuam tshuam shovel, thawv diav rawg, aerial ua hauj lwm ncej, reel thiab dragline, thiab lwm yam., kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev tsim kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsim cov excavators tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, xws li kev kub siab tshwj xeeb, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, underwater tshwj xeeb thiab amphibious excavators.
2. Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm tag nrho cov hydraulic excavators, kev txhim kho tas mus li thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj, ua rau cov excavators txhim kho los ntawm kev yooj yim lever manipulation rau hydraulic manipulation, pneumatic manipulation, hydraulic servo manipulation thiab hluav taws xob tswj, xov tooj cua chaw taws teeb tswj, thiab hluav taws xob computer integrated program tswj. Hauv thaj chaw txaus ntshai lossis kev ua haujlwm hauv qab dej, siv xov tooj cua tswj, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv computer tswj tau txais thiab cov kev taw qhia laser tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm excavators. Tag nrho cov no, tag nrho hydraulic excavator tau tso lub hauv paus thiab tsim ib qho chaw zoo.
3. Muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txais yuav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab cov qauv tshiab, thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem tsim, serialization thiab generalization. Piv txwv li, lub excavator tsim los ntawm German Atlas tuam txhab yog nruab nrog ib tug tshiab engine ceev hloov cuab yeej, uas enables lub excavator ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov ceev tshaj plaws haum rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm; tus tshiab C series LS-5800 hydraulic excavator ntawm Lincoln-Belt Company ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Lub tshuab tau nruab nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg hydraulic, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov ntws thiab tsis txhob pov tseg ntawm kev tsav tsheb. CAPS (Computer Aided Power System) kuj tau teeb tsa los txhim kho lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub excavator thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm cov hydraulic system; tsib tus qauv tshiab ntawm FJ series excavators tsim los ntawm Sumitomo Corporation ntawm Nyiv yog nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog hydraulic circuit. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj tau siv cov kev tswj hwm kev xaiv xaiv qhov system kom txo qis kev noj roj, lub zog ntawm lub cav thiab lub zog hydraulic, thiab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom siv; cov roj twj hloov kho qhov system ntawm lub excavator uas tsim los ntawm O&K Tuam Txhab hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm confluence, kom cov roj twj tso kua mis muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws; Nyiv lub tuam txhab Kobelco tau txais kev tswj hwm kev txawj ntse ntawm 904.905.907.909 hydraulic excavator tshiab, kom txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub tsav tsheb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj; Lub tuam txhab German Liebherr tau tsim ECO (Electronic Control Operation) cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tuaj yeem kho qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub excavator raws li kev ua haujlwm, ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab thiab siv roj tsawg; Kab ntsig ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau txais qhov tseeb 3114T diesel cav thiab torque ntawm B system excavator tshiab. Load sensing siab system, lub hwj chim hom selector, thiab lwm yam., ntxiv txhim kho kev ua hauj lwm efficiency thiab stability ntawm lub excavator. Doosan Siv Machinery Co., Ltd. ntawm South Kauslim txais EPOS-electronic fais fab optimization system ntawm DH280 excavator, uas tau hloov lub zog absorbed los ntawm hydraulic twj tso kua mis raws li qhov kev hloov ntawm lub cav load, kom lub cav ceev yog ib txwm khaws cia. nyob ze ntawm qhov ntsuas ceev, uas yog, lub cav ib txwm khiav ntawm qhov nrawm. Lub zog ua haujlwm, uas tsis yog tsuas yog siv tag nrho lub zog ntawm lub cav, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm excavator, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv lub cav los ntawm kev stalling vim overload.
4. Hloov kho cov qauv tsim, txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab ua kom lub neej ntev. Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tebchaws Askiv, Nyij Pooj thiab lwm lub tebchaws txhawb nqa kev siv lub neej tsim kev xav tau los hloov cov qauv tsim kev ua neej tsis kawg lub neej thiab txoj hauv kev, thiab sib xyaw ua kom qaug zog kev puas tsuaj tsub zuj zuj txoj kev xav, pob txha mechanics, finite element method, optimization design, thiab electronic computer- tswj electro-hydraulic servo qaug zog. Advanced thev naus laus zis xws li kev sim thev naus laus zis thiab kev qaug zog kev tsom xam txoj kev siv rau kev tshawb fawb lub zog ntawm hydraulic excavators, uas txhawb nqa cov khoom zoo, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom. Lub tebchaws United States tau npaj ib txoj hauv kev los soj ntsuam cov qauv tsim kom muaj zog los ntsuam xyuas lub zog dynamic, thiab tsim ib txoj kev xav rau kev kwv yees cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Nyiv tau tsim cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas lub zog ntawm hydraulic excavator Cheebtsam, thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv kev ntseeg siab ua haujlwm. Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev tshawb xav saum toj no, nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim, kev tshawb fawb lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau luv luv, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho hydraulic excavators tau nrawm dua, thiab nws txoj kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua haujlwm tau raug txhim kho. Piv txwv li, kev khiav hauj lwm tus nqi ntawm hydraulic excavators mus txog 85 feem pua rau 95 feem pua , thiab cov kev pab cuam lub neej tshaj 10, 000 teev.
5. Txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm rau cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev ua haujlwm. Lub hydraulic excavator txais ib lub tsheb tavxij nrog cov khoom poob qis thiab cov qauv tiv thaiv tipping, txhim kho lub rooj zaum elastic, thiab siv lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntsuas los txo cov suab nrov cuam tshuam.
6. Kev txhim kho ntxiv rau lub tshuab hydraulic. Lub kaw lus hydraulic ntawm nruab nrab thiab me me hydraulic excavators muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv. Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov system siv qhov nce ntxiv los them nyiaj thaum lub siab txo qis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj twj tso kua mis, kom lub zog ntawm lub twj tso kua mis hydraulic tseem nyob tas li, uas yog, hydraulic excavator nruab nrog lub twj tso kua mis sib txawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tas li. ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj twj tso kua mis. Thaum qhov kev tawm tsam sab nraud nce, qhov ntws tau txo qis (ceev txo), kom lub zog khawb yog ob npaug; siv peb-circuit hydraulic system. Tsim peb txoj haujlwm ywj pheej uas tsis cuam tshuam rau ib leeg. Yuav kom ua tiav lub zog sib piv nrog lub slewing mechanism. Tig lub twj tso kua mis thib peb rau ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm dhau los ua qhov kev ywj pheej thib ob ntawm qhov qhib Circuit Court. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydraulic technology yog dav siv nyob rau hauv excavators, tsim tej yam kev mob rau daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm hluav taws xob technology thiab tsis siv neeg tswj technology nyob rau hauv excavators.
7. Ceev nrooj nthuav daim ntawv thov ntawm hluav taws xob thiab automation technology hauv excavators. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, txhawm rau txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm excavators teeb thiab nyab xeeb, txo cov suab nrov ntawm excavators, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb, hluav taws xob thiab tsis siv neeg tswj tshuab tau maj mam siv hauv kev khawb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov excavators nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm efficiency, lub zog txuag thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, yooj yim ua hauj lwm, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nplij siab, kev cia siab thiab durability, daim ntawv thov ntawm electromechanical-hydraulic kev koom ua ke nyob rau hauv excavators tau nce, thiab nws ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam tau ua. qualitative leap. . Nyob rau xyoo 1980s, cov cuab yeej siv siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv microelectronics thev naus laus zis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntawv thov ntawm microcomputers, microprocessors, sensors thiab ntsuas cov cuab yeej ntawm excavators, txhawb nqa daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhawb nqa hluav taws xob tswj kev siv tshuab ntawm excavators, thiab tau dhau los ua excavator. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub, uas yog, qhov kev khawb siab tshaj plaws yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li lub cav tsis siv neeg tsis siv neeg ceev thiab lub tshuab kaw lus, lub zog ua kom zoo dua qub, kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev saib xyuas.