Cov excavators feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: sab hauv combustion engine-driven excavators thiab hluav taws xob-tsav excavators. Ntawm lawv, hluav taws xob excavators feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv toj siab hypoxia, underground mines thiab lwm qhov chaw flammable thiab tawg.
Raws li qhov ntau thiab tsawg, excavators yuav muab faib ua loj excavators, nruab nrab excavators thiab me me excavators.
Raws li kev taug kev sib txawv, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua crawler excavators thiab log excavators.
Raws li cov qauv sib txawv, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua hydraulic excavators thiab mechanical excavators. Cov tshuab excavators feem ntau yog siv hauv qee qhov mines loj.
Raws li kev siv, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg xws li excavators dav dav, mining excavators, marine excavators, thiab tshwj xeeb excavators.
Raws li lub thoob, excavators yuav muab faib ua pem hauv ntej duav, backhoe, dragline thiab grab duav. Pem hauv ntej shovels feem ntau yog siv los khawb cov ntaub ntawv saum npoo av, thiab backhoes feem ntau yog siv los khawb cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no.
1. backhoe excavator
Lub backhoe yog qhov feem ntau peb tau pom, rov qab-down, yuam txiav. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev khawb hauv qab qhov chaw ua haujlwm kaw. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim yog: ditch kawg excavation, ditch side excavation, ncaj kab excavation, nkhaus excavation, tswj ib tug tej lub kaum sab xis excavation, ultra-dav trench excavation thiab trench nqes hav excavation.
2. Pem hauv ntej duav excavator
Daim ntawv shovel nkaus ntawm lub hauv ntej duav excavator. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog "rau pem hauv ntej thiab nce siab, yuam cov av txiav". Lub shovel pem hauv ntej muaj lub zog khawb loj thiab tuaj yeem khawb cov av saum qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nws yog tsim rau excavating qhuav foundation pits nrog qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 2m, tab sis nce thiab nqis ramps yuav tsum tau teem. Lub thoob ntawm lub duav pem hauv ntej yog loj dua li ntawm lub backhoe excavator ntawm tib qhov sib npaug, thiab nws tuaj yeem khawb cov av thawj mus rau peb hom nrog cov dej noo tsis tshaj 27 feem pua, thiab koom tes nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom pov tseg kom tiav. tag nrho excavation thiab tsheb thauj mus los ua hauj lwm, thiab tseem yuav excavate Loj qhuav foundation pits thiab mounds, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev excavation ntawm lub duav pem hauv ntej yog raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev excavation thiab cov txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom. Muaj ob txoj kev khawb thiab tshem tawm: pem hauv ntej khawb, sab unloading; pem hauv ntej khawb, thim rov qab Unload av.
3. Dragline excavator
Draglines tseem hu ua draglines. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws excavation yog: "rov qab thiab downward, txiav cov av nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej hnyav". Nws yog tsim rau excavation ntawm Class I thiab II xau hauv qab qhov chaw nres. Thaum ua hauj lwm, lub thoob yog muab pov tseg los ntawm inertial quab yuam, thiab qhov khawb qhov deb kuj loj, thiab lub digging radius thiab khawb qhov tob yog loj, tab sis nws tsis yog raws li saj zawg zog thiab yog raws li lub backhoe. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau excavating loj thiab tob foundation pits los yog underwater excavation.
4. Ncua thiab duav
Grab excavator tseem hu ua grab excavator. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov excavation yog: "ncaj nce thiab nqis, txiav cov av hauv qab nws qhov hnyav". Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khawb av ntawm Chav Kawm I thiab II hauv qab qhov chaw nres tsheb, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev khawb ntawm lub hauv paus pits thiab caissons hauv cov av mos. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev khawb tob thiab nqaim lub hauv paus pits, dredging qub raws, khawb hauv av, thiab lwm yam, los yog rau loading xoob cov ntaub ntawv xws li gravel thiab slag. Muaj ob hom excavation: trench side excavation thiab positioning excavation. Yog tias qhov rub tau ua rau hauv kab sib chaws, nws kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev thauj khoom ore blocks, ntoo chips, ntoo, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau ntawm cov niaj hnub excavators yog tag nrho hydraulic azimuth excavators. Hydraulic excavators yog tsim los ntawm lub cav, hydraulic system, ua hauj lwm ntaus ntawv, mus txawv tebchaws ntaus ntawv thiab hluav taws xob tswj. Lub tshuab hydraulic muaj xws li hydraulic twj, tswj valve, hydraulic lub tog raj kheej, hydraulic lub cev muaj zog, pipeline, roj tank, thiab lwm yam. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj muaj xws li kev tswj xyuas vaj huam sib luag, cav tswj qhov system, twj tso kua mis tswj system, ntau yam sensors, solenoid li qub, thiab lwm yam.
Hydraulic excavators feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm peb qhov chaw: cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, lub cev sab sauv thiab lub cev qis. Raws li nws cov qauv thiab kev siv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua: hom crawler, hom log tsheb, hom taug kev, tag nrho hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, tag nrho kev sib hloov, tsis muaj kev sib hloov, hom dav dav, hom tshwj xeeb, hom articulated, telescopic boom hom thiab lwm hom.
Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm yog cov cuab yeej ncaj qha ua tiav cov haujlwm khawb. Nws yog hinged los ntawm peb qhov chaw: boom, stick thiab thoob. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev tsim kho, hydraulic excavators tuaj yeem nruab nrog ntau yam khoom siv ua haujlwm, xws li khawb, nqa, thauj khoom, qib, clamps, bulldozing, cuam tshuam rauj, teb drilling thiab lwm yam khoom siv ua haujlwm.
Lub slewing thiab mus ncig ua si yog lub cev ntawm hydraulic excavator, thiab sab sauv ntawm lub turntable yog muab los ntawm lub hwj chim ntaus ntawv thiab ib tug kis tau tus mob system. Lub cav yog lub zog ntawm cov hydraulic excavator, feem ntau siv cov roj diesel hauv qhov chaw yooj yim, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov.
Lub hydraulic kis tau tus mob kis tau lub zog ntawm lub cav mus rau lub hydraulic lub cev muaj zog, hydraulic lub tog raj kheej thiab lwm yam actuators los ntawm lub hydraulic twj tso kua mis, thiab thawb lub twj tso kua mis ua hauj lwm, yog li ua tiav ntau yam kev khiav hauj lwm.